@article {8903,
	title = {Comparative sperm protein profiling in bulls differing in fertility and identification of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4, a potential fertility marker [Mass Spectrometry - Proteomics]},
	journal = {Andrology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Sep},
	pages = {1032-1051},
	abstract = {<p>This study aimed to identify sperm proteomic signatures regulating sperm functions and fertility by: (i) comparing the sperm electrophoretic protein profiles and identifying the differentially abundant proteins among breeding bulls differing in fertility status and (ii) elucidating the possible role of one of the identified novel proteins, PEBP4 on sperm function and fertility. The grouping of bulls as fertile (n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;6) and low fertile (n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;6) was performed based on bull fertility index and infertile (n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;6) based on semen rejection rate (\&gt;33\%). The sperm motility, fructolysis index, acrosomal reaction, intracellular calcium levels, and seminal plasma fructose and calcium levels were studied among fertility groups. The differentially expressed sperm proteins observed in single- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) were identified using Nano-LC-MS/MS. In the fertile bulls, the expression levels of calmodulin (CALM1), spermadhesinZ13 (SPADH2), and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) were significantly (p\&nbsp;\&lt;\&nbsp;0.05) higher than in other fertility groups. In bovine, expression of PEBP4 a novel seminal protein was not observed in spermatozoa of infertile bulls. When the bulls were grouped based on the presence (n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;8) or absence (n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;10) of PEBP4 protein in spermatozoa, a positive significant (p\&nbsp;\&lt;\&nbsp;0.05) association of this protein with the percentage of motile, type-A spermatozoa, and sperm fructose uptake was observed. Further, PEBP4 was localized in elongated spermatids, Leydig cells, excurrent duct system, and principal piece of spermatozoa. These findings suggest a crucial role for the PEBP4 protein in spermiogenesis, epididymal sperm maturation, and sperm motility. This first study in bovine indicates the positive association of PEBP4 in regulating sperm maturation, functions, and fertility and could be a potential marker for predicting semen quality and fertility.</p>
},
	keywords = {Acrosome Reaction, Animals, Biomarkers, Calcium Signaling, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Epididymis, Fertility, Fructose, Infertility, Male, Male, Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein, Proteome, Semen, Sperm Maturation, Sperm Motility, Spermatozoa},
	issn = {2047-2927},
	doi = {10.1111/andr.12404},
	author = {Somashekar, L and Selvaraju, S and Parthipan, S and Patil, S K and Binsila, B K and Venkataswamy, M M and Karthik Bhat, S and Ravindra, J P}
}
@article {722,
	title = {Poor sperm quality and advancing age are associated with increased sperm DNA damage in infertile men.},
	journal = {Andrologia},
	volume = {44 Suppl 1},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 May},
	pages = {642-9},
	abstract = {<p>With increasing evidence for faulty paternal contribution to reproduction, there has been a steady increase in studies highlighting an association between sperm DNA damage, failed/delayed fertilisation and aberrant embryo development. Owing to prevailing ambiguity, the aims of the study were to analyse the genetic integrity of the male gamete and then to understand its association with age, standard semen parameters, lifestyle and occupational factors. The study included 504 subjects, attending university infertility clinic for fertility evaluation and treatment. Semen characteristics were analysed by standard criteria; terminal deoxynucelotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labelling assay was employed for DNA damage assessment. The average incidence of sperm DNA damage in patients with normozoospermic semen parameters was \&lt;10\%. Patients with oligozoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratospermia, asthenoteratozoospermia and necrozoospermia had significantly higher level of sperm DNA damage (P \&lt; 0.001). Patients above 40 years of age had significantly high levels of DNA damage (P \&lt; 0.001) compared with their counterparts. Patients with varicocele and a history of alcohol consumption had higher incidence of spermatozoa with DNA damage (P \&lt; 0.01). Poor sperm characteristics in the ejaculate are associated with increased sperm DNA damage. Age-related increase in sperm DNA damage and association of the same with varicocele and alcohol consumption are also demonstrated.</p>
},
	keywords = {Aging, DNA Damage, Humans, Infertility, Male, Life Style, Male, Occupations, Spermatozoa},
	issn = {1439-0272},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01243.x},
	author = {Varshini, J and Srinag, B S and Kalthur, G and Krishnamurthy, H and Kumar, P and Rao, S B-S and Adiga, S K}
}
