@article {515,
	title = {Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of a toxic fraction and its cytotoxin-like component isolated from Russell{\textquoteright}s viper (Daboia russelii russelii) venom. (Mass Spectrometry)},
	journal = {Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol},
	volume = {168},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Feb},
	pages = {55-65},
	abstract = {<p>The pathophysiological significance of a toxic fraction (GF-VI DEAE-II) isolated from Russell{\textquoteright}s viper venom (RVV) is characterized. GF-VI DEAE-II represents 1.6\% of the total RVV protein and it comprises of a 27.6kDa minor component (RP-I) (0.04\%, w/w) and a major 6.6kDa non-enzymatic peptide (1.11\%, w/w), named Rusvitoxin. The LC-MS/MS analysis of RP-I showed its identity to snake venom serine proteases, whereas Rusvitoxin demonstrated its close identity with snake venom three finger toxins, cytotoxins and cardiotoxins particularly from Naja sp. GF-VI DEAE-II was found to be non-cytotoxic to the tested mammalian cancer cells and non-hemolytic; nevertheless, it demonstrated α-fibrin(ogen)ase activity and in vivo toxicity in BALB/c mice with an LD50 (i.p.) of 2.3mg/kg. GF-VI DEAE-II induced lethargy and hind-leg paralysis in mice within 10min of i.p. injection. GF-VI DEAE-II induced hyperfibrinogenomia, and significantly altered (p\&lt;0.05) the plasma levels of factor X, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines viz. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in treated mice. Histological observations of tissues and biochemical properties of serum from GF-VI DEAE-II-treated mice suggested multiple organ dysfunctions. Conversely, Rusvitoxin at a dose of 5mg/kg did not induce toxicity in BALB/c mice. At 1:15 (antigen: antivenom, w/w) ratio, commercially polyvalent and monovalent antivenoms neutralized more than 80\% of the fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities of GF-VI DEAE-II. The present study suggests the significant role of GF-VI DEAE-II in RVV-induced pathogenesis in victim/prey.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Anticoagulants, Antivenins, Cytotoxins, Fibrinolytic Agents, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-6, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mollusk Venoms, Russell{\textquoteright}s Viper, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Viper Venoms},
	issn = {1532-0456},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.12.001},
	author = {Thakur, Rupamoni and Chattopadhyay, Pronobesh and Mukherjee, Ashis K}
}
